Fuck Yeah Learning Biology

boing345brooke:

fuckyeahmath:

(yourspecialsomeone)

boing345brooke:

♥

boing345brooke:

fuckyeahmath:

(yourspecialsomeone)

Reblogging myself cause I’m that awesome but I had forgotten about this and how much I liked it :)

ohyeahdevelopmentalbiology:

sciencenote:

A DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps catalyze in the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand. DNA polymerases are best-known for their feedback role in DNA replication, in which the polymerase “reads” an intact DNA strand as a template and uses it to synthesize the new strand. This process copies a piece of DNA. The newly-polymerized molecule is complementary to the template strand and identical to the template’s original partner strand. DNA polymerases use magnesium ions as cofactors. Human DNA polymerases are 900-1000 amino acids long.

fuckyeahbiomedicina:

A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia.

fuckyeahbiomedicina:

Red blood cells (also referred to as erythrocytes) are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate organism’s principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues via the blood flow through the circulatory system.

They take up oxygen in the lungs or gills and release it while squeezing through the body’s capillaries. These cells’ cytoplasm is rich in hemoglobin, an iron-containing biomolecule that can bind oxygen and is responsible for the blood’s red color.

In humans, mature red blood cells are flexible biconcave disks that lack a cell nucleus and most organelles.

2.4 million new erythrocytes are produced per second.

fuckyeahbiomedicina:

In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. These organelles range from 0.5 to 10 micrometers (μm) in diameter. Mitochondria are sometimes described as “cellular power plants” because they generate most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in a range of other processes, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, cell death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders and cardiac dysfunction, and may play a role in the aging process.

The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος or mitos, thread + χονδρίον or chondrion, granule. Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell varies widely by organism and tissue type. Many cells have only a single mitochondrion, whereas others can contain several thousand mitochondria.

The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of proteins have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in Murinae (rats), 940 proteins encoded by distinct genes have been reported.

The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell’s DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.

fuckyeahbiomedicina:

Chemical synapses are specialized junctions through which neurons signal to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.

Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. They are crucial to the biological computations that underlie perception and thought. They allow the nervous system to connect to and control other systems of the body. At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases a neurotransmitter into a small space (the synapse) that is adjacent to another neuron.

Neurotransmitters must then be cleared out of the synapse efficiently so that the synapse can be ready to function again as soon as possible. The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100–500 trillion) synapses. Every cubic millimeter of cerebral cortex contains roughly a billion of them.[2] The word “synapse” comes from “synaptein”, which Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and colleagues coined from the Greek “syn-” (“together”) and “haptein” (“to clasp”).

Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. Without a qualifier, however, “synapse” commonly means chemical synapse.